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学好英文的20大制胜法宝
2008-07-23 09:37:44
钻石法则一:发音永远是第一位的!成千上万的人学了十年英语还不能说标准的英语,发音仍然带有“超级浓重的中国口音”,导致和外国人交流的时候,听说都成了严重的问题。还有一大批人,因为发音没有过关,导致经常被人笑话,从而失去了学英语的信心和兴趣。因为发音没有过关,导致单词死活背不下来!因为发音没有过关,无法朗读和背诵课文,导致无法真正掌握语法,无法真正形成语感!
总而言之,发音是英语大厦的基石,要不惜一切代价,彻底掌握纯正英语发音!凡是参加过十天“李阳疯狂英语魔鬼训练营”的学生,基本都能拥有一口漂亮的、令人尊敬的发音! Pronunciation is the foundation of your English kingdom.
钻石法则二:英语真的很简单!英语长得和汉语拼音完全一样,发音也和拼音类似,语法结构也和汉语类似。世界上再也没有两个“如此相似”的语言了!
英语是汉语下的蛋!中国人一定能“快速”征服英语!
只要克服羞怯,大胆开口,疯狂操练,任何人都能讲一口流利的英语。
钻石法则三:带着使命感学英语!绝大多数人学英语是为了应付考试,根本没有目标和动力,结果十多年的宝贵时光被白白浪费了。
一定要带着“伟大的使命感”学英语!这个使命就是:学好英语,振兴中华!学好英语,和世界自由沟通!学好英语,走遍世界!
当然,学好英语,自己变得自信、父母充满自豪,这就是一个幸福、和谐的世界。
Learn English with a burning sense of mission.
钻石法则四:英语是永远学不出来的!全国有上亿的人每天都在刻苦学习英语,但他们的方法错了!他们每天研究英语,每天做大量的选择题,结果学出来都是“聋哑英语”,“应试英语”!正确的没有记住,错误的反而记住了,因为四个选项中,有三个是错误答案!我们75%的时间都在复习错误的答案!
赶紧“用嘴巴”去学习英语吧!英语是用嘴巴练出来的!
学了多久不管用,练了多久才管用!Practicing English with your mouth is the only way to really master English.
钻石法则五:说得越难听,越要坚持说!学习做任何一件事情都要经历“从“不会”到“会”,从“笨手笨脚”到“炉火纯青”!所以,如果你的英语讲得不好,一定要坚持讲!如果有很多人给你泼冷水,一定要坚持讲!
It is impossible to defeat a person who never gives up! 要打败一个永不放弃的人是不可能的!
钻石法则六:学习英语是伟大的体力劳动!任何技能的训练都是体力劳动!弹钢琴:练书法:打篮球:学游泳,这些都是伟大的体力劳动,我们和农民:工人在做着同样的工作!
每天把嘴巴:喉咙“练痛”才是真正有效的英语学习!
Always remember: Learning English is actually physical work.
钻石法则七:最伟大:最先进的语言教学法在中国!不要到国外去寻找语言学习的方法,中华民族的祖先总结出了最优秀:最有效的语言学习法!那就是:书读百遍,其义自见。读书破万卷,下笔如有神!拳不离手,曲不离口! 中国人用最精练的语言总结出了人类语言学习的规律!
钻石法则八:考试题是最好的口语练习材料!考试题是最好的、最地道的、最优秀的英语学习材料!中国人太浪费考试题了!这些考试题都是众多专家们精心挑选出来的,而大家选了一遍答案就扔掉,实在太可惜了! 把考试题脱口而出,你将一举两得(Kill two birds with one stone.):既讲了一口流利的英语,又以高分通过考试!钻石法则九:句子中心论句子中包含单词,句子中包含语法,句子传达能量,句子实现交流!疯狂收集句子,疯狂操练句子,成为句子大王!
决定你英语水平的不是单词量,而是句子量!
The amount of sentences you can blurt out determines your English level.
钻石法则十:自由交流的秘诀是背诵小短文学习语言的高级目标是:大段、大段地流利讲英语!要实现这个目标只有一个方法:疯狂背诵小短文。正如中国古人所说:只有成章入口,才能出口成章!
每天熟读、背诵一篇小短文,你就能快速成为英语大师!
钻石法则十一:零碎时间最适合学英语!学习任何技能都需要反复、定期地操练,只靠一个星期一次,或一次几个小时是根本学不好的!刺激的频率越高越好!一、两分钟的零碎时间都能培养语感!
随身携带英语书吧!一年的零碎时间就可以征服英语!就可以讲一口流利的英语!
拳不离手、曲不离口!中国人最懂得如何利用零碎时间!
钻石法则十二:录音是最好的老师!最好的老师不是人,而是录音!反复听录音,并跟着录音疯狂模仿,刻苦操练,这就是世界上最有效的语言学习方法!我们从小就是通过听来获得母语能力的!
录音是全世界最简单、最有效、最便宜、最敬业、最伟大的老师!
听烂一盒录音带,就可以建立像母语那样的语感!听烂就是要听一百遍,甚至一千遍!
钻石法则十三:先选定并彻底学透一套教材!世界上的英语教材成千上万,但必须选定一套教材,彻底学透它!彻底理解每一个单词、句子,彻底背诵每一个对话、文章!把一本书摸烂、读透,最好能做到倒背如流!
学透了一套教材之后,再去大量地阅读,你的英语就学成了!
钻石法则十四:一分耕耘:一分收获!英语学习是非常公平的!多练习一分钟,功力就比别人强一点!如果你每天都坚持操练,你的英语一定能成功!
记住:无论科技多么先进,世界冠军都是在血汗中诞生的!
钻石法则十五:脱口而出是硬道理!听懂是骗人的,看懂是不够的,说出来才是自己的!衡量是否学好了英语的唯一标准是“脱口而出”!
记住:第一句不脱口而出,坚决不学第二句!
Blurting out is the only true measure of English mastery.
钻石法则十六:中英文互译是英语学习的最高境界!学习英语的最高境界就是:中英文自由互译!这是全世界最难、报酬最高的领域之一,这也是中国对外交往当中最需要的能力!
从现在开始,认真翻译每一个句子,并中英文“同时大声朗读“!很快,你会发现你也具有这个非凡的能力!
Automatic two-way translation is the ultimate English learning goal.
钻石法则十七:记忆力是锻炼出来的!朗读、背诵的次数越多,记忆力就越好!永远不要怀疑和低估自己的记忆力!
记忆力不是天生的,是后天练习出来的!
Memory can be built up and trained like muscle.
钻石法则十八:热爱比毅力更重要!疯狂地热爱英语吧,它一定不会让你失望!一口流利的英语会让你赢得这个世界,会让你受人尊重,会让你充满成就感!
热爱是最强大的动力!热爱比毅力更重要!
If you do what you love, you will never work a day in your life!
钻石法则十九:天才就是重复次数最多的人!任何一个领域最成功的人都具有一个共同的特点:比别人更努力一点,更付出一点!世界冠军都是每天比别人操练的时间和次数更多的人!
他们把自律、刻苦、勤奋变成了自己的习惯!
亲爱的朋友,你就是天才!你就是那个百年一遇的伟大天才!从今天开始,让自己每天“重复的次数”超过别人吧!
钻石法则二十:英语必须集中训练一次!“三天打鱼,两天晒网”、“老牛拉破车”是永远学不好英语的!你一生一定要彻底疯狂一次,彻底投入一次!欢迎大家来“疯狂英语魔鬼训练营”体验一下什么是真正的疯狂! 一天十二个小时,背完才能吃饭,背完才能睡觉,睡梦中都说英语,这才是真正的疯狂!一次疯狂带来巨大的成就感,带来终身的好习惯!
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白领必读:与客户谈判时常用的感谢语
2008-07-23 09:20:19
“谢谢” 除了Thank you.之外…… 九句最常用的道谢语一般的说法:
Thanks. 谢谢。
I really appreciate it. 我很感谢。
比较热情的说法:
You're one in a million. 你真是大好人。
You're the greatest. 你最棒了。
要归功于对方的时候:
Thanks to you (we made it on time.) 都要多谢你(我们才能准时完成)。
I couldn't have done it without you. 若是没有你,我不可能做到。
比较正式的说法:
I'm truly grateful for your help. 我非常感激你的帮助。 Your help was greatly appreciated. 你的帮助备受感激。
I'd like to express my gratitude. 我要表达我的谢忱。
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5句经典英汉互译
2008-07-12 08:48:22
任何一种语言,都有自己长期积淀下来的通俗而生动形象地描绘人情世态的定型短语或短句,英语里称为“习语”,汉语里则称为“熟语”,为了称说的方便,本文采用“习语”的说法。习语是老百姓长期使用而固定下来的说法,因此它带有强烈的民族色彩和鲜明的文化内涵,是民族文化的积淀,这就要求在翻译的时候,不能仅仅停留在文字的表面,而要搞清楚习语的深层含义,沟通两种语言的文化差异,巧妙互译,才能不失习语的原有韵味。 先看英语习语的汉译,如:a piece of cake.
这个习语充分反映了西方人的生活习俗,对他们来说, 蛋糕
是极其平常的食物,无论是做蛋糕还是吃蛋糕都是轻松愉快的小事一桩。对我们来说,蛋糕似乎是 奢侈品,吃蛋糕是高兴的事,做就没那么容易了,但汉语里恰巧有一个反映我们汉人生活习俗的俗语“小菜一碟”,其功能与“a piece of cake”大致相当,因此,用“小菜一碟”对译“a piece of cake”,可以说既传“义”,又传“情”,较好地保留了语言的原有韵味。再如:under one’s nose.
西方人的“大鼻子”给我们的印象非常深刻,可能西方人自己也知道这一点,因此他们用“under one’s nose”表达“就在某人面前,当着某人的面”的意思,如果我们直译为“在某人鼻子底下”,就不符合汉语习俗,不够“味”,但我们有“在某人眼皮底下”这个俗语,因为在我们看来,眼皮底下的“眼睛”是洞悉一切的,所以说用“在某人眼皮底下”对译“under one’s nose”比较合适。 又如:set a fox to keep one’s geese.
在西方文化中,狡猾的狐狸是专门要偷吃鹅的,倘若把鹅交给狐狸去看管,岂不是送羊入虎口,自找祸患,我们汉语里没有这样的认识,如果硬译为“让狐狸看鹅”大家就会觉得莫名其妙,但汉语里有一个接近的习语“引狼入室”,它表达的意思是“自己把坏人引进内部”,恰巧与“set a fox to keep one’s geese”意思对等,如此对译,极为传神。
英译汉要传神,汉译英同样要保留原有的韵味。
如:狗改不了吃屎。
汉语用它来比喻“恶习难改,本性难移”,但狗在西方人的眼中是“人类的朋友”,对狗也宠爱有加,岂能用心爱的狗去表达这样一个不好的意思,因此翻译为英语最好译作“a fox may turn gray,but never kind”,因为“fox”在西方人的观念中,大部分场合不是好东西。
再如:有钱能使鬼推磨。
它是我们汉语里非常形象的一句俗语,比喻一个人有了钱连鬼都听他使唤,英语译作“money makes the mare go”,基本上保留了原来的韵味,但如果翻译为“all things are obedient to money”,意思虽然也还是“金钱支配一切”、“金钱是万能的”等等,但韵味不够,未能传神。
要指出的是,对译的前提条件是两者的意义、文化内涵要相同、相通,不能似是而非,如把“armed to the teeth”翻译为“全副武装”,看起来好象差不多,实际上意义程度不够,语气也嫌太弱,似是而非。
再如把“赶鸭子上架”译作“make sb. do sth. entirely beyond him”,意思虽然是对了,但太直白,原来的生动形象性丧失殆尽。
当然,也有的时候,翻译为了追求韵味而意思不对那就更要不得了,如把“It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest(恶鸟不渎巢)”译作“家丑不可外扬”就不妥当,不能为了韵味而驴唇不对马嘴,因为翻译“信”是基础,“雅”是升华,不能为了片面追求“雅”而违背“信”,那是以辞害义。
总之,翻译是很难的事,而习语的翻译更是难中之难,要想把习语翻译得既准确又传神就需要我们沟通中西方文化差异,尽量保持原文的“丰姿”。
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不可不知的股市行情
2008-07-09 09:24:50
我们在新闻报道中都听说过股市的“熊市”和“牛市”,也知道股票投资是靠差价来赚钱的。下面这段对话将给您简单又全面地介绍一下股市。Julia: Would you tell me something about stock? Mike: Sure, what do you want me to start with? Julia: Uhh, you can start with the explanation of some terms like "a bull " and "a bear ". Mike: OK. A bull is a situation in which share prices are rising. Julia: What about a bear, then? Mike: A bear is a situation in which share prices keep falling. Julia: Oh, I see. But why the prices get rising or falling? Mike: If there are more buyers, the price will rise. Otherwise, the price will be lower and lower. Julia: How can we make money in the stock market? Mike: If you believe the market will go up, you can buy in or hang on. If it turns out to be true, you can make your profit. Julia: I heard that some people can earn money out of a bear market. How do they win in such a situation? Mike: If you believe the market will fall down, you can sell out your shares and then buy back at a lower price. The price difference is your profit. Julia: It sounds easy to make money from stock investment. Mike: Not at all. When you really invest in stock market, you'll get involved into the whole world. Julia: What do you mean by that? Mike: To decide which share you'll buy in is quite hard sometimes. You have to consider the market tendency; the growth of the company and you'd better know something about technical analysis. Julia: So boring it is. I'd better invest in some fixed interest fields. Mike: Certainly you can. You won't suffer from the risks. But your wallet will suffer. Julia: What should I do? Mike: If you really want to invest in stock, perhaps you should find a broker.
Notes:
1. 对话中,Mike给Julia讲了一些关于股票和股票市场的知识,我们来从头看一看。首先是“牛市”和“熊市”这两个概念,“牛市”就是“a bull market”,bull是“公牛”的意思。“牛市”就是指“股价上涨的股市”。 “熊市”,a bear market,就是指“股价不断下跌的股市”。
2. start with sth 这个词组表示“以某件事物作为开始”,比如说,You can start with your self-introduction,你可以从自我介绍开始。同时,to start with还可以表示“第一,首先”,比如说,To start with we haven't got enough money, and secondly we're too busy. 一来是我们的钱不够,二来我们没有时间。
3. 另外,to start with还有“起初,开始”的意思,比如说,The company had only 10,000 dollars to start with. 这家公司最初的投资只有1万美元。关于start 还有一个在口语中很常用的表达方式,就是start something,表示“惹事,热麻烦,闯祸”,比如说,You shouldn't have spoken to him like that - you've really started something now. 你真不应该和他那样说话,这下你可闯祸了。
4. 那么股价为什么会有涨有跌呢?股票价格上涨,share prices are rising. 那么股票价格下跌呢,share prices keep falling。Mike解释说,如果买的人多了,这支股票的价格就会上涨,否则,股价就会越来越低。Julia又问,怎么样能在股市上赚钱呢?这是所有在股市投资的人都关心的问题了。
5. Mike说If you believe the market will go up, you can buy in or hang on. If it turns out to be true, you can make your profit. 如果你相信股价会上涨,你可以买进或者持股不动,如果股价真的上涨了,这时候再把手里的股票卖掉,就可以赚钱了。Hang on这个词组可以表示“紧握着”, 比如说,We should hang on to the shares until their prices are higher. 在股票价格升高之前,我们应当尽力保住这些股票。再举一个例子,Hang on to the strap. The bus is starting. 抓住皮带,汽车要开动了。同时hang on也是一种电话用语,意思是“别挂断”, 比如说,Hang on a minute; I'm coming. 请稍等一下,我马上就来。make a profit on something表示“在……获利”,跟make a fortune on something这个词组差不多。
6. Julia还听说有些人在熊市也能获利,他们是怎么做的呢?Mike解释说,如果你认为股市会下跌,你卖出股票,然后再以较低的价格买回,其中的差价就是你的利润。Price difference就是指“差价”。这应该很好理解吧。所以Julia觉得在股市赚钱好像很容易。Make money from something这个词组就表示“从……赚钱”,比如说,He made some money from selling newspaper. 他卖报纸赚了一些钱。
7. Mike说在股市上赚钱绝没有听起来那么容易。因为如果你在股市投了资,你也就卷入了整个世界。为什么会这么说呢?What do you mean by that? 也就是What do you mean by saying that? 因为要决定买哪一只股票有时相当困难,你要考虑市场的走势,公司的发展,而且最好还要懂一些技术分析。不是光凭运气就可以的。
8. Julia听了这些就觉得很无聊了,因为她对这些一窍不通,所以她打算搞一些固定利率方面的投资吧,风险会小一点。不过这样的话,Julia钱包就要受苦了,因为这些固定利率方面的投资回报都很少,不像在股市上那样利润丰厚。所以,在赚更多的钱的同时,也要承受更大的风险。Mike建议Julia如果真的想在股市投资的话,就去找一个经纪人,帮助她投资。股票经纪人就是broker。
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电视迷必知的英语单词(图)
2008-07-09 09:19:54
看电视用语知多少对于许多人来说,看电视是获取信息以及娱乐生活的主要方式之一。那么,你知道与看电视相关的一些词汇以及表达方式吗?相信下面的四个场景对话能让你获益不少。
1. I was here first
场景:12岁的Stuart正在家里看电视,他的姐姐Julie凑了过来。 Julie: Turn it up a sec(一会).
Stuart: Shh(嘘,安静一点)! I'm trying to watch.
Julie: Give me the thing. I'll do it.
Stuart: Shh!
Julie: Chill out, will you?
Stuart: Hey, not so loud! I'm not deaf, you know. Anyway, I was here first.
Julie: What's this about exactly?
Stuart: Just watch, will you? It's a series(连续剧). I can't tell you the whole thing.
提示:
1 动词turn在看电视用语中非常有用。turn on 开电视,turn off关电视,turn up把电视声音调大,turn down 把电视声音调小,turn over换频道。 2 当Julie说"thing"这个词的时候,她是在指the remote control遥控器。人们也管遥控器叫"remote"或者"zapper"。
3 "chill out"这个表达方式大多出于年轻人之口,意为calm down冷静。
2 Blue murder 场景:Jackie和Cathy正在一起讨论他们看过的节目内容。
Jackie: Did you see that documentary(纪录片) last night?
Cathy: You mean about that little girl who wouldn't eat anything except chocolate?
Jackie: Yeah. It was incredible, wasn't it?
Cathy: And there was that bit where her parents tried to force spinach(菠菜) down her.
Jackie: God! She screamed blue murder.
Cathy: I felt a bit sorry for her, actually.
Jackie: So did I. She'd been totally spoilt(尤指小孩)惯坏的.
Cathy: It's awful, really. Why do we watch these things?
提示:
1 Jachie说"wasn't it?"其实并不是想提问,而是想让Cathy就自己的观点(it was incredible)发表评论。
2 "bit"这个词在英式英语中经常意为"part",例如:The best bit of the holiday was lying on the beach.
3 "to scream blue murder"(US:"to scream bloody murder")意为to shout or protest about something loudly for a long time.
4 "spoilt"也可以写为"spoiled"。3 No sugar for me!
场景:Fiona和Alan在家里一起看电影。 Fiona: She's great, isn't she?
Alan: Maggie Smith? Yeah, but the plot's a bit thin.
Fiona: Come on, Alan! It's a girl's film. We don't need everything action-packed(情节复杂的).
Alan: I see. That's why it's sending me to sleep.
Fiona: Go and put the kettle on(用水壶烧水), then!
Alan: Okey-dokey.
Fiona: And don't expect me to fill you in afterwards.
Alan: I won't. Shall I bring you a Kleenex in case you need to cry later?
Fiona: Ha,Ha!
提示:
1 Maggie Smith玛吉-史密斯是著名的英国女星。
2 We say "the plot is a bit thin" to mean that there isn't much of a story情节单薄。
3 Fiona说"Come on!"就是为了显示她不赞同Alan的观点。
4 "go and"+verb,这种搭配只用于非正式场合,意为to tell someone to do something.
5 "Okey-dokey"是"OK"的另一种形式。 6 "To fill someone in" means to bring him or her up to date on something.
7 A "Kleenex" is a paper tissue卫生纸.
4 Unplug(拔去......的电源插头) everything
场景:Tony和他的兄弟Mike在看一场足球比赛。 Mike: I'm going to hit the hay. You?
Tony: I'll probably stay up and watch the rest.
Mike: We can record it if you want.
Tony: It's not worth it. There's only half an hour to go.
Mike: What about all the chat afterwards?
Tony: Oh, I can't be bothered with that. Shall I unplug everything?
Mike: Yeah. That'd be great. I'll clear up(收拾) tomorrow. G'night.
提示:
1 "hit the hay"意为"go to bed"。
2 "to go"意为"remaining"剩下,例句:I've got one exam to go, and then I've finished.
3 Tony说"I can't be bothered with that"意为he's not going to waste his time watching the interviews after the game.
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网络是找寻爱情的好地方吗(图)
2008-06-26 21:57:53
你相信网恋吗?In so many ways, cyberspace mirrors the real world. People ask for information, play games, and share hobby tips. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even love.
在许多方面网络空间反映了真实世界。人们找寻资料、玩游戏及分享兴趣嗜好的秘方。其他人买卖东西。更有人在找寻友谊,甚至爱情。 Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer screen. Identity and appearancemean very little in cyberspace. Rather, a person's thoughts--or at least the thoughts they type--are what really count. So even the shyest person can become a chat-room star.
但是不同于真实世界的是,你对一个人的认知只限于电脑荧幕上的文字。身份及外表在网络空间里没有太大的意义。反而,一个人的思想或至少他们在荧幕上所打出来的思想才是真正重要的。所以即使一位最害羞的人也可以成为聊天室里的热门人物。
Usually, this "faceless" communication doesn't create problems. Identity doesn't really matter when you're in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this emphasis on theideas themselves makes the Internet a great place for exciting conversation. Where else can so many people come together to chat?
通常这种看不到对方面孔的沟通并不会产生问题。当你在聊天室讨论政治或嗜好时,身份并不那么重要。事实上,这种对意见本身的强调让互联网络成为一个精彩有趣的谈话场所。世界上还有哪些地方可以让这么多人一起闲聊他们的兴趣?
But some Internet users want more than just someone to chat with.They're looking for serious love relationships. Is cyberspace a good place to find love? That answer depends on whom you ask. Some of these relationships actually succeed. Others fail miserably.
但是有些互联网络使用者想要的并不只是聊天的对象。他们在找寻认真的恋爱关系。网络空间是一个寻找爱情的好地方吗?那要看你问谁。这类恋情有些真的成功,有些则悲惨地结束。 Supporters of online relationships claim that the Internet allows couples to get to know each other intellectually first. Personal appearance doesn't get in the way.
网络关系的支持者宣称互联网让情侣先在思想上认识对方,而个人外表不会造成阻碍。But critics of online relationships arguer that no one can truly know another person in cyberspace. Why? Because the Internet gives users a lot of control over how others view them. Internet users can carefully craft their words to fit whatever image they want to give. And they don't have to worry about what their "nonverbal" communication is doing for their image. In a sense, they're not really themselves. 但是网络恋情的批评者认为没有人能够真正在网络空间认识一个人。为什么呢?因为互联网络让使用者轻易地掌握别人如何看待他们。互联网络使用者可以依据他们想要给的形象精心推敲措辞。而且他们不用担心他们的形象受到非语言沟通的影响。就某方面来说,他们并不是真正的自己。 All of this may be fine if the relationship stays in cyberspace. But not knowing a person is a big problem in a love relationship. With so many unknowns, it's easy to let one's imagination "filling the blanks". This inevitably leads to disappointment when couples meet in person. How someone imagines an online friend is often quite different than the real person.
所有这些都不是问题,如果这个关系只局限于网络空间。但是在一个恋爱关系中不认识对方是个大问题。这么多的未知数很容易让一个人的想象力“填入答案”。当这对情侣碰面时,这类情形不可避免地将带来失望。一个人对网络朋友的想象通常和真实的情况有很大的差异。 So, before looking for love in cyberspace, remember the advice of Internet pioneer Clifford Stoll:"Life in the real world is far richer than anything you'll find on a computer screen."
所以在网络空间找寻爱情之前,先记得互联网络先驱克利佛.斯托的忠告:“真实生活比任何电脑荧幕上找得到的东西都丰富得多。” -
美国员工下班常聚会 传播流言拉关系(图)
2008-06-26 21:54:08
One in five US workers regularly attends after-work drinks with co-workers.One in five US workers regularly attends after-work drinks with co-workers, where the most common mishaps range from bad-mouthing another worker to kissing a colleague and drinking too much, according to a study released on Tuesday.
Most workers attend so-called happy hours to bond with colleagues, although 15 percent go to hear the latest office gossip and 13 percent go because they feel obligated, said the survey conducted for CareerBuilder.com, an online job site.
As to what happens when the after-work drinks flow, 16 percent reported bad-mouthing a colleague, 10 percent shared a secret about a colleague, 8 percent kissed a colleague and 8 percent said they drank too much and acted unprofessionally.
Five percent said they had shared a secret about the company, and 4 percent confessed to singing karaoke.
While 21 percent of those who attend say happy hours are good for networking, 85 percent said attending had not helped them get closer to someone higher up or get a better position.
An equal number of men and women said they attend happy hours with co-workers, with younger workers age 25 to 34 most likely and workers over 55 least likely to attend.
Overall, 21 percent of workers attend happy hours with co-workers and, of those, nearly a quarter go at least once a month.
The survey was conducted online by Harris Interactive on behalf of CareerBuilder.com among 6,987 full-time employees between February 11 and March 13.
Harris Interactive said the results have a sampling error of plus or minus 1.2 percentage points.
据本周二发布的一项调查显示,美国有五分之一的员工会定期在下班后跟同事去喝几杯,每当这个时候,诸如讲同事坏话、亲吻某位同事、以及醉酒等糗事就要上演了。
这项为在线求职网站CareerBuilder.com所做的调查表示,虽然去参加所谓“欢乐时光”的人中有15%是去搜罗最新的办公室流言,13%是迫于无奈才去的,大多数员工去那里都是为了拉近同事关系。
在被问及下班后的欢饮时光都会做些什么的时候,有16%的人表示会讲同事坏话,10%的人会散播某位同事的秘密,8%的人会亲吻某位同事,还有8%的人表示他们会喝醉酒,做出反常的举动。
有5%的人说他们会传播一些跟公司有关的秘密,另有4%的人表示会唱卡拉OK。
参加欢乐时光的人当中有21%表示此类活动有助于人际关系,85%的人则表示参加此类活动并不能让他们跟某些高层人士更加接近,也不会对他们升职有什么帮助。
男性和女性跟同事共赴欢乐时光的人数是一样的,年龄在25到34岁之间的年轻员工是最有可能参加此类活动的人群,而55岁以上的员工参加的可能性是最低的。
总的来说,有21%的员工下班后会与同事共赴欢乐时光,而他们当中有近四分之一的人每月至少去一次。
这项调查是哈里斯互动公司代表CareerBuilder.com在2月11日至3月13日之间进行的,共有6987名全职雇员参加。
哈里斯互动表示该调查结果会有正负1.2个百分点的采样误差。
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宁可打光棍 不要娶错人(图)
2008-06-18 10:24:38
Bachelor Carl Weisman got fed up of being classified as a playboy, a loser or a commitment-phobe so he set out to find out exactly why he and a growing number of eligible men were steering clear of marriage.
Weisman, 49, conducted an online survey of 1,533 heterosexual men.
He concluded that most men were not afraid of marriage -- but they were afraid of a bad marriage.
"Men are 10 times more scared of marrying the wrong person than of never getting married at all," Weisman said.
"This is the first generation of people who have grown up with bad divorces. People assume there is something wrong if you don't marry but these are men who have made a different choice and not given in to social pressures."
Weisman said U.S. figures showed that in 1980 about 6 percent of men aged in their early 40s had never married but this number had now risen to 17 percent.
Weisman said his online survey found there are three groups of bachelors -- about 8 percent who never want to marry, 62 percent want to marry but of which half won't settle for anything less than perfection, and about 30 percent who are on the fence.
Four out of 10 bachelors did not want children compared to three out of 10 wanting to be a father. The rest were undecided.
But while 72 percent of respondents said they were not afraid of marriage, about half of them said the situation that scared them most was marrying the wrong person.
"It's so important to these men to get it right. My best advice to single women after bachelors is to be patient. If you're in a hurry to get married you'll be frustrated," he said.
Weisman also found that financial issues, both positive and negative, played a large part in men's fear of commitment.
单身汉卡尔•维斯曼再也无法忍受被当作花花公子、落魄男人或“恐婚症”患者,所以他开始研究自己以及越来越多不错的男人为什么不愿意结婚。
49岁的维斯曼对1533位异性恋男士开展了一项在线调查。
他从调查中得出结论,多数男人不是害怕婚姻,而是害怕不幸的婚姻。
维斯曼说:“对于男人而言,娶错人比打‘光棍’可怕十倍。”
“这是第一代在成长过程中目睹了很多不幸婚姻的人。在人们看来,你不结婚,可能是你有什么问题。但这些男人却做出了不同的选择,他们没有屈服于社会压力。”
维斯曼说,美国有数据表明,在1980年,40岁出头的男人中有6%没结过婚,而现在这个数字已升至17%。
维斯曼开展的在线调查发现,目前有三种类型的单身汉——约8%的人从没想过要结婚,62%的人想结婚,但其中一半的人要找到理想的伴侣才肯结婚,约30%的人正在观望。
调查发现,在单身男士中,40%的人不想要孩子,30%的人想当爸爸,其他人态度不明朗。
尽管72%的受访者称自己不惧怕婚姻,但其中一半的人称他们最害怕娶错人。
维斯曼说:“对于这些男人来说,找对人十分重要。而对于那些正在追求这些单身汉的单身女士来说,我能给的最好建议就是,要有耐心。你越着急,事情会越糟糕。”
除害怕娶错人外,维斯曼发现,经济状况也是男人害怕结婚的一个重要原因,无论他们的经济状况是好还是坏。
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当英语遇见大片(图)
2008-06-18 09:48:54
看电影学英语暑期临近,各大影院暑期档影片吊足了我们的胃口。今天我们就来聊个轻松的话题——we'll talk about movies。An interesting topic, isn't it? I'm pretty sure that every one of you has enjoyed wonderful experiences in the wonderland of movies.
一般来讲,非英语国家的人学习好地道的英语发音需要2年的时间,但是这个问题也可以随着你的环境不同而改变:1去美国或英语国家;2娶个洋妞;3看电影,把自己融入电影里。所以,我们如果暂时没有条件出国,或者娶洋妞的话,就只能通过电影来学纯正的英语了。然而,好多人原版电影看了N部,结果就只学会了shit、fuck这样几个单词,何其苦恼,何其困惑!
Today, you will have a chance to wander in this magic world, and listen to and talk about them in English. Besides, you will found it easy to understand English movies. Well, I see you cannot wait any longer. Let's go!
Now you will hear a conversation between two friends, Ella and Tom. They are discussing which film they are going to see tonight.
对话中,Tom 和Ella表达了对不同电影的不同感受。When you give your opinions on movies, you may use such adjectives as "wonderful, great, OK, or terrible" to show your likes or dislikes. 其他你可能用到的形容词还包括:fascinating,boring,interesting,slow-moving,fast-moving,sad,funny,violent等等。 那么,除了聊聊对电影的大体感受之外,还可以谈些什么呢?Many English learners in China do not have much to say in their conversations and lack the ability to develop their ideas fully. For instance, when you and your friend are talking about Titanic in English at a party, you may say It's great. When your friend asks why, you answer It's a moving story. That's all. 其实,如果想深入聊下去,我们可以谈谈影片的story,the characters,the acting,or even the music and costumes。熟练谈论complicated ideas是需要锻炼的。你可以尝试一步步地get your ideas fully developed。我们希望下面的一些话题可以对你有所启发:1 What is the name of the movie? 2 When was it made and by which movie studio?
3 What is the movie about?
4 When and where was the movie set?
5 What is the genre/type of the movie? (romance, adventure, action, science fiction, drama, thriller, Western, horror, costumes, musical, comedy, etc.)
6 Who are the main characters?
7 What is the plot?
8 How does the movie end?
9 What impressed or touched you most?
10 Do you like the theme or the music?
11 Who stars in the movie?
12 Who is your favorite actor or actress in the movie?
13 What did you learn from the movie?
14 What do you think of the camera work?
15 What do you dislike about the movie?
只要勤加练习,假以时日,你就可以和朋友就电影的话题畅所欲言了。既然都会谈电影了,那么你一定会看电影吗?其实不然,看电影学英语里面的门道多着呢。
目前市面上DVD影片字幕的中文翻译至少有20%的错误,多的可能达到40%还多,它们会很严重地影响到你对电影的理解。曾经有这么一部电影:男女主人公谈了半年的恋爱,一天晚上,男的打电话对女的说,"我们结婚吧",女的听了以后说,"Are you kidding?",男的说,"No,I am serious!"女的说,"好吧那我们结婚吧"。而该影片的字幕是怎么翻译的呢?男的打电话给女的说,"我们结婚吧",女的听了以后说,"你是基丁(kidding)先生吗?",男的说,"不,我是斯瑞而斯(serious)先生!"女的说,"好吧那我们结婚吧"。最恐怖的是这个翻译从表面上居然也能自圆其说。 既然字幕翻译良莠不齐,你就一定要坚持先看2-3遍没有字幕的,然后再下载该电影的剧本,把剧本过一遍(你可以到google上使用电影的英文名字+空格+scrīpt进行搜索,就可以找到该剧本的下载)。先把剧本搞定(这样的话阅读就没有问题了),然后再看一遍有英文字幕的,保证看着字幕理解是没有问题的。然后从头再看没有字幕的,这样下来如果完全能听懂的话,听力是没有问题了。下面边看边跟读,模仿各种人物的每一句话,就像你是个配音演员,要做到惟妙惟肖。待你做到这步,口语的问题也就解决了。 但是,为了提高英语能力,起初并不是什么类型的电影都适合看的。看枪战片1个半小时听不见几句话,还学什么英语?看恐怖片吓都吓死了,还学什么英语?看悲情片只顾着哭去了,心情不爽还学什么英语?此外,像《魂断兰桥》,《飘》,《音乐之声》之类的老片子中的语言现在已经不太常用了,所以这类片子也不推荐使用。
要学英语就要看近期的电影,因为里面有经常要用,必须要用的语言。但是要注意,像梅尔.吉布森和尼可.基德曼的电影因为带有澳洲口音所以也不推荐用来做模仿的样本。凯文.科斯纳的《与狼共舞》也不推荐,因为里面大量的使用印第安语。 现在你应该知道了,学英语的片子应该是生活片,里面有大量的对白,应该选喜剧片,保证你学习的愉快心情。下面推荐发音超级标准,语汇简单,句型经典,特别是省略句式非常好的两部电影:标准女音电影 Sabrina 情归巴黎;标准男音电影 Dove 真假总统。女演员中,发音比较好的有:1.Mag Rain 梅格·瑞恩 2.Julia Roberts 朱莉娅·罗伯茨 3.Cameron Diaz 卡梅隆·迪亚茨。
关于发音比较好的女演员的电影,推荐: 1 When harry meet salay 当哈里遇见莎莉
2 Pretty woman 漂亮女人
3 My best friend wedding 我最好朋友的婚礼
4 Erin Brockovich 永不妥协
5 There's Something About Mary 我为玛丽狂
6 Vanilla sky 香草的天空
7 Sleepless in Seattle 西雅图不眠夜
8 You've got mail 电子情书
男演员中,发音比较好的有:1.Tom Hanks 汤姆·汉克斯 2.Dustin Hoffmann 达斯汀·霍夫曼。
关于发音比较好的男演员的电影,推荐:
1 Philadelphia 费城故事(1993版)
2 The Graduate 毕业生
3 Rain Man 雨人
4 Kramer Vs Kramer 克莱默夫妇
5 The Shawshank Redemption 肖申克的救赎
6 Legends Of The Fall 燃情岁月
7 Jerry Maguire 甜心先生
对自己的水平比较有信心的同学可以选择Sex and the City, Friends 等等时下比较流行的肥皂剧,通过剧情学习一些比较地道的口语表达,让自己的英语显得更加得地道。 无论是在豪华的影院兴奋地迎接视听刺激,还是在午后的家中静静地沐浴电影春光,我们都是在阅读。我们用耳朵阅读真谛,我们用眼睛阅读生活。所以,电影就是书。我们就是喜欢看电影,喜欢看书,喜欢看天空,喜欢思考的一代人。 -
趣谈“茄子”和“纽纹面包”(组图)
2008-06-18 09:47:29
茄子为什么是eggplant“茄子”名字起源
What strange connotations the eggplant has inspired! A Lebanese eggplant recipe is called baba ganousb, which means "spoiled old daddy." Eggplant is also one of the ingredients in a Turkish recipe called imam bayaldi. Translated, this means "the priest has fainted."
茄子这个词会令我们产生多么奇怪的联想!黎巴嫩有一道用茄子做的菜名叫baba ganousb,意思是“变质的老爸”。 土耳其也有一道用茄子做的菜名叫 imam bayaldi,意思是“晕倒的牧师”。Eggplants originated in India and were introduced to Spain in the twelfth century by the Arabs. Before the fifteenth century, the vegetable was used only for decoration, as people believed it was poisonous. In Italy, where eggplant was suspected of causing insanity, it was called mala insana, "mad apple". Later, when people had begun eating the vegetable, Europeans called it the "apple of love", for it was believed to arouse passion.
茄子原产于印度,十二世纪由阿拉伯人引入西班牙。15世纪之前,由于人们认为茄子有毒,所以它们仅仅被用来作装饰品。在 意大利,人们曾怀疑茄子会让人精神错乱,于是把它叫做mala insana,也就是“疯狂的 苹果”。之后,人们开始食用茄子的时候,欧洲人就把它们称作“苹果之爱”,因为人们觉得茄子可以引发激情。From apples we move to eggs. Why do we now call this large purple vegetable an eggplant?
茄子的称呼由苹果到鸡蛋,为何我们现在称这种大个的紫色蔬菜为eggplant呢?
As with most vegetables, there are different types of eggplant. The edible part of one variety is small and white. It was named eggplant since it looked as if it were growing eggs. Once the name was established in the middle 1700s, it was also applied to the purple vatiety.
和大多数蔬菜一样,茄子也分不同的种类。其中有种可食用的品种就长得小小白白的。因为看起来好像成长的鸡蛋,所以就被称为eggplant了。茄子的名字一旦在18世纪中叶确定,那么紫色的品种也就同样叫做eggplant了。
茄子为什么是eggplant“扭纹面包”名字起源
Wouldn't you think that history would have recorded the name of the person who came up with something as terrific as the pretzel? But that's not what happened. All we know is that in 610 A.D. a monk in northern Italy first twisted the pretzel into its unusual shape. When children learned their prayers, he rewarded them with the bread shaped to represent the folded arms of children in prayer.
难道你不认为历史应该记录下发明这么棒的扭纹面包的人的名字吗?然而历史没有这样的记载。我们所知的只是在公元610年, 意大利北部有个修道士第一次把一种面包扭曲成这种与众不同的形状。当孩子们学完祈祷文,修道士就奖励给他们这种好像祷告中交叠的双臂形状的面包。 The word pretzel comes either from the Latin pretiole, which means "little gift", or from the Italian bracciatelli, which means "small arms".
Pretzel这个词源自于拉丁语pretiloe,意思是“小礼物”,或者源自于意大利语bracciatelli,意思是“小胳膊”。 -
一起看看国外学生咋高考
2008-06-18 09:41:31
英国:高考前学校放假两周在英国,高中二年级的考生需参加A-LEVEL考试,即普通教育证书高级考试。考试课程有英语语言、文学、数学、经济等课程。学生选修的课目也要考试。普通教育证书高级考试相当于中国的高考。只有在A-LEVEL考试中取得优异成绩的,才能被一流大学录取。
A-LEVEL考试前两周,学校放假,让学生回家自己复习,学校教师不搞什么猜题或复习提要等活动。考试评分标准分八挡,零分用U表示。
美国:十二三岁纷纷参加高考
美国不实行全国大学入学统考,但中学生申请上大学影响最大的考试是“学业能力评估考试”(简称SAT)和“美国大学测评考试”(简称ACT)。SAT考试成绩往往决定学生的选择范围,成绩拔尖的有希望读名牌大学。
SAT考试一年举行7次,考试内容有数学和语文各三部分,时间为3小时。值得一提的是,SAT考试与高中教材没有直接关系,主要考查学生的逻辑、分析、推理等方面的能力。比如说有这样一道题:沙和海滩的关系与以下哪两者之间的关系相似:猫和猫须;狗和骨头;树和森林;足球和曲棍球;衣服和鞋子。试题类似于智力题,因此,考场上常常会看见十二三岁的初中生在那里“小试牛刀”。
日本:落榜生被称为“浪人”
日本是一个等级森严的社会,每个人要达到更高的层次,好的出身,哪个大学毕业十分重要。与中国不同的是,日本的高考不是一锤定音,国立、公立和部分私立大学,在每年的1月都有一次全国统一考试,主要是基础学科,国语、英语、数学、理科(物理、地理、化学、生物)、社会学科。从2月中旬至3月底,各校再根据自己的情况,进行第二次专门考试。
日本的考生分三类,一类是应届高中毕业生。他们的学习任务异常繁重,除了完成正常的高中课程之外,都要吃小灶,参加各种类型的补习班。第二类学生是往届落榜生,在日本被称为“浪人”,这部分人没有参加工作,专心致志地参加各种补习班或者自学。第三类参加高考的学生是已经升入大学,但想再考一个好的大学,被称为“假面浪人”。
韩国:高考不算总分
韩国教育部于2002年初实施新的高考制度。新制度的最大特点是对考试成绩不再计算总分,而将各科目的考试成绩分别打分,然后依据分数段确定各科目的等级以及综合等级。等级分为9等,每年的等级比例根据每年的考生人数确定。 各大学将根据各科目考试等级、学生手册、面试成绩、专长等情况招收学生。这次改革了以分数为主的招生制度,引导学生不再只注意高考的分数,而把注意力转移到培养自己的专长和特殊才能上来。实行等级制后,考生不会像过去那样因1分或零点几分的差异而落榜。
法国:高校招生实行预注册
法国高等教育结构较为复杂,学位种类独特,高考制度也有别于中国等许多国家。
法国高中生进入大学深造的必要条件是首先得到由学校统一颁发的高中毕业证书,然后再参加高中会考(BAC)。原则上说,所有通过高中会考的高中生,即获得BAC的人,均可申请进入大学接受高等教育,但是医学系、牙医系、药学系及技术学院等除外。由于名额有限,这些院校和专业一般采取淘汰制招收大学新生。 为让各高校提前掌握生源情况,法国高校招生实行预注册,即提前登记志愿。预注册一般在每年三四月间进行,由于学生人数众多,法国绝大多数学校均采用电话计算机的登记方式。
据悉,法国普通科高中会考及格者中大约有百分之九十四的人可直接进入高等院校就读,而技术科高中会考及格者则仅有百分之十七的人能进入高等院校就读。
加拿大:“高考”是一个陌生的概念
高考对中国的高中学生乃至整个中国社会来说,都是一件大事。但对加拿大来说,高考却是一个陌生的概念,甚至你问一个即将进入大学学习的加拿大应届高中毕业生高考成绩如何,他也可能会茫然不知如何回答这个问题。
加拿大无高考。加拿大中学生要想上大学,不用参加专门的入学考试,所以大部分加拿大人也不知道高考是什么。在每年六月份中国高中毕业生为高考而紧张忙碌的时候,加拿大的高中毕业生可能早已接到大学的入学通知书了,有些学生还会面对几所最好大学的入学通知书,为选哪一所更好而左右为难。
虽然没有高考,加拿大的高中生要想进入名牌大学的好专业学习,还是非常不容易的。加拿大各大学也有自己的学生选拔制度。由于加拿大联邦没有专门的教育管理机构,教育的管理由各省政府负责,这造成了加拿大中小学教育体制的差别,加拿大大学对各地学生的录取要求也有所不同。 巴西:入学考试高校自己说了算
现行的巴西高等教育框架构建于1968年,高等院校分为联邦、州立、市立和私立四类,前三类是公立学校。1996年,巴西87所大学中有34所是私立大学。在160万大学生中,约70万人在公立学校学习,约占学生总数的40%%。 巴西高等院校根据各自学校的情况制定招生计划和录取标准,具体考试时间和科目由参加招生的各大学自行决定。大多数公立学校一年举行两次招生考试,少数公立大学和所有私立学校一年进行一次考试。报考高等院校的学生,必须有基础教育和中等教育的毕业证书。在考试的具体内容上,各高校和各专业的侧重点有所不同。由于联邦和州立等公立大学实行免费教育,所以吸引众多考生,招生比例约为7比1。巴西高校一般采取走读方式,每年有效学习时间为180天。
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温总理成美知名网站最受欢迎政治名人之一(图)
2008-06-04 21:06:17
Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao, hugely popular at home for his relief efforts following the massive earthquake in Sichuan, has emerged as the 10th most popular politician on the Facebook social networking site.His Facebook page says he had 20,136 supporters as of Tuesday, most of whom signed up after the earthquake that killed more than 68,000 people.
Wen flew to the site hours after the quake, clambering over shattered buildings and tearfully comforting weeping children.
Since becoming premier in 2003, "Grandpa Wen" has honed a role as a gently spoken man focused on solving the country's social ills.
He has spent Lunar New Year holidays down a coal mine and in an AIDS-stricken village, vowed to retrieve migrant workers' unpaid wages, and this year he flew into areas paralyzed by severe winter storms to take personal responsibility.
Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang said he had not heard of the site when asked to comment at a regular news conference on Thursday.
"What you mentioned seems related to our quake relief efforts. I do hope the international community can have a better understanding of China through the unity and heroic acts of the Chinese people in battling the disaster," Qin said.
In the Facebook photo album called "Wenchuan Earthquake," Wen is seen in a black jacket, addressing a crowd in the quake zone.
"He is a good premier and should be nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize," a girl called Violette Qin from Switzerland wrote in a comment under the photo.
"He should be the role model for every politician ... Keep up the good work, the people need you," a man called Wilson Lee wrote.
There were more than 3,300 posts on Wen's Facebook Wall, some in Chinese, some in English.
"I do not know whether you really go to this page, I really want to tell you: Take care of yourself!" a post by Angel Chau read.
Wen now ranks 10th in a feature on Facebook called Browse All Politicians, which ranks them by the numbers of supporters on their pages.
Barack Obama, who appears set to win the Democratic nomination for November's US presidential election, ranked first with 864,832 supporters at last look.
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给我30天 戒掉塑料袋(组图)
2008-06-04 20:59:48
毫无疑问,塑料袋让我们的生活变得方便快捷。然而,在享受这种便捷的同时,你是否也在制造着花费一百年都无法从地球上消失白色垃圾呢?30-Day Plastic Bag Diet
30天塑料袋“节食”计划
◎ from www.bagonaut.com
译 / 珍宝猪

Please do not worry—this is not a fad1) diet to lose weight! Plastic bags have no nutritious value! This diet is about kicking the habit of excessively2) relying on plastic bags.
Plastic shopping bags are among the most widespread consumer items on Earth. Their light weight, low cost, and water resistance3) make them so convenient for carrying groceries, clothing, and other daily purchases that it's hard to imagine life without them. Weighing just a few grams and averaging a few millimeters in thickness, plastic bags might seem thoroughly harmless—were it not for the sheer4) number produced. Factories around the world churned out5) trillions of6) them every year.

Compared with paper bags, producing plastic ones uses less energy and water and leaves less air pollution and solid waste. Plastic bags also take up less space in a landfill. But many of these bags never make it to landfills; instead, they go airborne after they are thrown—getting caught in fences, trees, gutters, waterways, even the throats of birds. To avoid these impacts, the best alternative is to reuse your own durable cloth bags.
It’s okay to have a few plastic bags and to reuse plastic bags as much as possible. The goal is to simply use less of them. If you can reduce your usage down to only several plastic bags per year, then consider yourself a successful bagonaut7). Go 30 days applying the following steps, which will make it easy for you and in no time you will be doing it automatically!
Step 1: Round up !

The very first thing you want to do is to collect all of your plastic bags. You may want to keep a few for special occasions when plastic is helpful—all plastic bags are not bad—just using too many of them can be! Take the rest in for recycling.
Step 2: Choose Reusable Bag!
Purchase some good, reusable bags. A Single person needs about 2-3. A family will need more. You can buy a beginner bag and see if you like it first. There are a variety of bags available: canvas9), mesh10), nylon, hemp11), etc. What you want is a bag that works for you.
Make sure it is durable and easy to use. Tote12) bags are not recommended as they are generally too small and the material may not be suitable for heavy items. Avoid back packs, as well. Canvas bags can shrink even if washed in cold water. Bags with small pockets are good for receipts or shopping lists.
One good thing about reusable bags is that most have straps and can be easily thrown over your shoulder. Even when doing a lot of shopping at a mall you can carry your reusable bags over the shoulder rather then carrying them in your hands.
Step Three: Mission to Bag
Once you have your bags you will find that most fold neatly and easily in your closet or a kitchen cabinet. When shopping, give your bag to the cashier first before presenting the items. Everyone saves money when you reuse bags.
Step Four: Practice and Persistence
The key is action. Keep a few bags by the door, so you will remember to take them when you go out. Whether you go to the supermarket, drugstore, clothes shopping, or a convenience store, challenge yourself to have a reusable bag with you. If you get caught shopping without a reusable bag then shop old school—use your hands!
Step five: What Else?
Avoid using plastic bags as trash can liners. This is the number one excuse by people who say they recycle by using them as trash bags. Instead, buy trash bags that are designed to be biodegradable13). Leave your smaller trash cans or wastepaper baskets unlined and dump you trash directly into your large garbage cans or dumpster. If you have a large home and several waste paper baskets, then dump all of them into the outside can periodically14).
Once you have kicked the habit, consider giving a friend a reusable bag as a gift. Take the time to explain why you shop with reusable bags. You may find that when people understand the dangers of excessively using plastic, and what it is doing to our environment, they may go on the 30 day plastic bag diet themselves! 请别担心——这可不是流行的减肥节食!塑料袋可没有营养价值!这里所说的节食是指改掉过度依赖塑料袋的习惯。

塑料购物袋是地球上最常见的消费品之一。它重量轻,成本低,还防水,这些优点使它们便于携带杂货、衣服,以及其他日常商品,很难想象没有它们的生活会是什么样子。如果不是产量巨大,那些重量仅几克,平均厚度仅几毫米的塑料袋怎么看都好像是无害的。每年,全世界的工厂都会生产出成千上万亿个塑料袋。
与纸袋相比,生产塑料袋所消耗的能量和水更少,产生的 空气污染更小,固体垃圾更少,塑料袋在垃圾填埋场所占空间也更小。然而,很多塑料袋根本就没有送到垃圾填埋场,相反,它们在被丢弃后“随风逐流”——结果挂在了篱笆上、树上,或者堵塞下水道和排水渠,甚至被鸟类误食卡在喉咙里。为了避免这些后果,最好的替代方法就是重新开始使用你自己的耐用布袋。
准备几个塑料袋并尽可能地反复使用也是可以的。目的很简单,就是更少地使用它们。如果你可以把每年所用的塑料袋减少到几个,那么就能叫自己“环保袋达人”了。用一个月去实施下列步骤,它们将助你一臂之力,很快你就会习惯成自然!
第1步:围捕“嫌犯”!

你要做的第一件事就是把家里所有的塑料袋都找出来。你可以留下几个以备不时之需——并不是所有的塑料袋都不好——只是过量使用才导致不可收拾!其余的环保回收。
第2步:弃“暗”投“明”!

买几个质量好、可重复使用的袋子。一个人需要大约2~3个。一个家庭需要更多。你可以先买一个试试,看看喜不喜欢。可供选择的袋子有很多:帆布袋、网格袋、尼龙袋、麻纤维袋等等。你需要的是一个适合自己的袋子。
确保它耐用、方便。不推荐手提购物袋,因为它们通常都很小,材质也不适宜携带较重的物品。也不要选用背袋。帆布包即使用冷水洗涤也会缩水。有小口袋的包适于放收据或购物单。
可重复使用的袋子有一个优点:大多数都有带子,可以方便地挎在肩上。即使是在大型购物商场,所购商品很多时,你也可以把袋子挎在肩上,而不必用手提。
第3步:用袋之道
一旦你有了自己的袋子,你会发现它们大多能方便整齐地叠放在你的衣柜或厨柜里。 购物时,先把你的袋子交给收银员,然后再摆出你购买的商品。重复使用袋子可以让每一个人都省下钱来。 第4步:坚持不懈
你的行动是关键。在门口放几个袋子,这样你外出时就会记得要带着它们。不管是去超市、药店、服装店,还是便利店,都带上一只可重复使用的袋子,挑战自己。如果你发现自己忘记带可重复使用的袋子,那么就用最原始的办法——用手拿! 第5步:再接再厉
不要把塑料袋衬在垃圾筒里当垃圾袋,虽然有人说这样也是循环利用,但这其实是人们最常用的借口。去买可生物降解的垃圾袋。不要在你自己的小号垃圾桶或废纸篓里套塑料袋,直接把垃圾扔进大号的垃圾桶或垃圾箱里。如果你家很大,有几个废纸篓,那么定期将其中的垃圾倒入户外垃圾箱中。
当你摆脱了这个习惯,不妨把可重复使用的袋子作为礼物送给朋友。耐心解释为什么要用这种袋子购物。你会发现,当人们了解到过度使用塑料袋的弊端及其对环境造成的危害时,他们会自觉地加入到30天塑料袋“节食”计划中来。
Vocabulary
1.fad [fAd] n. (一时的)狂热;(穿着、行为等方面)一时的风尚
2.excessively [Ik5sesIvlI] adv. 过多地,过分地
3.water-resistance: 防水;resistance [ri5zistEns] n. 抵抗性,抵抗力
4.sheer [FiE] adj. 绝对的;彻底的
5.churn out: 粗制滥造出;churn [tFE:n] v. 剧烈搅动
6.trillions of: 大量,无数;trillion [5triljEn] num. 万亿,兆
7.bagonaut: 环保袋达人;号召摆脱塑料袋、使用环保袋以保护地球环境的人(或行为、现象):这是一个新兴词汇,它源于Egan Sanders(伊根?桑德斯)和他的BIGBAG1。Egan Sanders是一位环保袋倡导者,他连续14年坚持不使用塑料袋。2007年9月,Egan Sanders把自己装在世界上最大的帆布袋BIGBAG1中整整24个小时,以呼吁人们关注全球变暖和白色污染,此举顿时轰动美国,媒体争先报道,许多人更是在他的带动下加入到使用环保袋的行列中。 8.round up: (对人或物品的) 搜集,集拢
9.canvas [5kAnvEs] n. 帆布
10.mesh [meF] n. 网眼织物;网状物
11.hemp [hemp] n. 麻类植物(纤维)
12.tote [tEut] n. 手提
13.biodegradable [7baiEudi5^reidEbl] adj. 能进行生物降解的
14.periodically [9pIErI`CdIkLlI] adv. 周期性地;定期地
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用十句简单英语提升口语档次
2008-06-04 20:57:17
有时候在网上同时和老美和老中用英文聊天, 通常用不了多久, 我很快就能分别出这是老美的英文还是老中的英文. 就算同样是用那些单字, 老美用的英文就是有一种特别的味道. 因为我发觉老美常常会 "换句话说". 整句话的味道就不一样. 例如 "me too." 没有人不知道吧! 但老美不只会用 "me too." 他们还会用 "same here." 虽然 same 跟 here 你我都认识, 但我们就不会说 "same here." 对吧! 其实这就是我所说的味道. 大家不要一味地去追求艰深的单字和用法, 反而是要对日常生活中常用到的单字片语要有活用的能力, 这样你的美语听起来才会地道. 这次大家来学学这十句简单的用法, 看看能不能让自己的美语活起来.1. Do you have any pet peeve? 你有什么样的怪毛病吗?
所谓的 pet peeve 就是个人生活习惯上的一些小毛病, 例如有些人不喜欢别人碰他的电脑, 要是你碰他的电脑他就会不高兴, 这就是所谓的 pet peeve. (而非 bad habit.) 通常 pet peeve 都是比较无伤大雅的小毛病, 几乎每个人都有属于他自己的 pet peeve. 所以就有老美跟我说过, "Everybody has his pet peeve." 当然 pet peeve 也常常成为老美谈话之间彼此开玩笑的话题. 记 "Friends" 有一集就是两边人马在比快问快答, 而其中有一类的问题就是 pet peeves. 蛮有意思的.
如果是这个坏习惯大到会影响别人, 像是在公共场所老是讲话很大声, 这就不是 pet peeve, 而要用 annoying 来形容. 例如我就常听老美抱怨, "Don’t you think he is annoying?" (你不觉得他很烦吗?)
2. Maybe I’m going out on a limb, but I think we still have to invest it.或许这么作有点冒险, 但我想我们还是要投资它.
一般人想到冒险, 直觉的反应就是, "It’s risky" 或是 "It’s dangerous." 但是囗语上老美喜欢说, "I’m going out on a limb." 来表示这件事需要冒险. 这个 limb 原意是指树枝, 想象当你爬树时爬到小树枝上去了,你是不是不知小树枝什么时候会断掉? 这种不确定的危机感, 就是为什么老美要用 "Go out on a limb." 来表示冒险的原因了. 例如你来到一个清澈的河边, 你很想下去游泳, 但四周又没有救生员, 这时你就可以说, "Maybe I’m going out on a limb, but I think I am gonna try it." (我知道这么作有点冒险, 但我还是要试试看.)
3. I don’t have skeleton in my closet.我没有什么不可告人的秘密.
每次竞选期间一到, 一定会看到候选人争相证明自己的过去是清白的, 没有什么不可告人的秘密. 这句话在英文里要怎么讲呢? 当然最简单的说法就是, "I don’t have any secret in the past." 但是这样的说法不如俚语的用法 "I don’t have skeleton in my closet" 来得传神. 在这里 skeleton 是指骷髅, 而 closet 是指衣柜的意思, 各位不难想象, 一个人把骷髅藏在自己的衣柜里作什么? 一定是有不可告人的秘密. 例如你在高中时考试作弊被抓到, 还被记了一个大过, 但你长大之后这件事再也没有人提过, 所以你也不想别人知道. 这件考试作弊就变成是你的 skeleton in the closet.
有时候我自己也会别出心裁, 把这句话改变一下, 展现一下自己的 幽默感. 例如有次我室友不让我进他房里, 我就用这句话亏他, "Do you have any skeleton in your room?" (你房里是不是有什么不可告人的秘密啊?) 当然 in your room 是我自己改的, 但在那样的情况下, 却有另一番的味道.
4. Are you sure you are going to set us up?你确定你要帮我们制造机会吗?
在英文里制造机会可不是 make a chance 喔! 虽然这是大家最自然会想到的说法. 正确的说法应该用 set up 这个片语, 例如 set you up 就是帮你制造机会的意思. 另外, 老美也很喜欢用 fix up 和 hook up 来表示撮合某人. 例如你有一个妹妹长得还可以, 你想把她介绍给你同学, 你就可以跟你同学说, "Do you like my sister? I can fix you up." (你喜欢我妹妹吗? 我可以撮合你们.)
5. Probably. It’s still up in the air.大概吧. 但还不确定.
大家都应该常常有和别人相约的经验吧! 其实和别人相约是一件很不容易的事情. 一开始没女朋友觉得没人陪不想出门, 但就算有人陪了却又不知要去哪里, 而就算知道要去哪里, 又不知道要作什么. 不知道各位有没有这样的经验, 你问他我们今天见面要作什么, 他说我也不知道, 到时再看看吧. 其实这种情形中外皆然, 各位不必惊讶. 到时候再看看也是老美常说的一句话, 简单的讲法就是, "I haven’t decided yet." "I haven’t made my mind yet." 或是 "We’ll see." 就可以了, 不然的话你也可以小小地卖弄一下英文, "It’s up in the air."
另外 "It’s up in the air." 比较俏皮的翻法就是: "八字还没一撇呢!" 例如别人问你, "Are you dating Jennifer now?" (你跟 Jennifer 开始在约会了吗?) 你就可以答, "It’s up in the air." (八字还没一撇呢!) 6. Okay. Just checking.好吧. 我只是随囗问问.
在囗语中我们常会讲, 没什么, 我只是随囗问问而已. 这个随囗问问在英文里当然你可以讲, "Just asking." 但事实上呢? 大多数的老美都会说, "Just checking." Check 当动词用是一般指 "检查" 而言, 例如你想进来时可能忘了关门, 你就可以说, "Go check if the door is still open." (检查看看门是不是还开着.) 但是老美说, "Just checking." 时, 这个 check 要翻译成 "随囗问问" 会比较通顺一些. 这句话老美用得很多, 非常值得把它记下来. 另外有一种情形, 比如说我们说了一些无关痛痒的小事, 别人也没听楚, 当他再问你刚才说了些什么事, 也许你不想再覆述一遍. (反正是无关痛痒) 这时你可以说, "Just a though."; "Just an idea." 意思就是我只是随囗说说而已. 不然的话也可以说, "Never mind." (没什么大不了的, 不用操心.)
7. Do we need to hit a shower first?我们需要先洗个澡吗?
Hit 是一个老美很喜欢用, 但老中很不会用的动词, hit 指的是去开始作某件事. 像是在囗语中老美喜欢讲, "Let’s hit it." 的意思. 例如摇滚乐团的主唱常会看看吉他手, 键盘手, 贝斯手准备好了没, 如果大家都准备好了的话, 他就会大喊一声, "Let’s hit it." 这就代表 "Let’s go." 的意思. 所以像是去洗澡, 我相信大多数的人都会讲, take a shower. 但你如果学老美说, hit a shower, 那种层次立刻就不一样. 类似的用法还有像是睡觉老美会说, hit the bed, 上路会说 hit the road. 都是蛮值得学的用法.
8. That’s OK.不用了.
大家相信吗? "That’s OK." 和 "OK." 指的是完全不同的意思喔. 如果别人问你要不要先洗个澡啊? 你答, "That’s OK." 就是不要的意思, 答 "OK." 却是要的意思. 像我刚来美国时因为不信邪, 结果每次都耍宝.
记得有一次老美来我家作客, 我问他, "Do you need something to drink?" 他说 "That’s OK." 我想 "OK." 就是好的意思啊, 当然赶紧把茶水奉上, 老美一脸莫名其妙的表情. 其实我这是错误的示范. 要记住, 当别人说, "That’s OK." 就表示 "I’m fine." 我很好, 你不用操心的意思, 言下之意就是你不用麻烦了, 我会照顾我自己. 所以要记住, "That’s OK." 其实有没关系, 无所谓的味道在里面. 所以如果你要明确的拒绝的话, 可以这么说, "That’s OK. I don’t need anything to drink." 9. Just right place, right time.只不过是天时地利而已.
大多数的人想到幸运, 都会直觉反应 lucky. 但其实 lucky 有很多种表示法. 像有一次我问老美怎么追到这么一个如花似玉的女朋友, 他回答我, "Just right place, right time." 我一听就立刻联想到了中文里的, "天时地利人和" 这句话, 没想到英语里就这么简单, "Right place, right time." 就解决了. (或许应该再加上 right girl?) 所以我也开始不单说, "I’m just lucky." 了. 例如后来有一次老美问我为什么我有免费的 T 恤可拿, 我就很潇洒地回答他, "Just right place, right time, no big deal." (只不过时间地点刚好对了而已, 没什么大不了的. ) 事后想起来, 连自己都觉得很得意.
10. Same here.我也是.
我想当大家看到中文 "我也是" 的时候, 百分之九十九的人 "me too." 会立刻脱囗而出. 甚至有些人还会说, "So do I." 但是说真的, 老美是会说, "me too." 和 "So do I." 没错, 但好像太平常了一点, (大概是因为这些用法我上国中的时候就知道了吧!)
我觉得比较酷一点的讲法应该是, "same here." 它完完全全就等于 "me too." 例如上网聊天最后大家常会说, "All right. I have to go to bed now." (好吧, 我该去睡觉了.) 这时对方就可以回答, "same here." 表示我也该睡觉了. 或是像老美在彼此自我介绍时, 通常一个会先说, "Nice to meet you." 另外一个人就会说, "me too." 但我也听过老美说, "same here." 所以这个 "same here." 是完完全全等于 "me too." 的.
另外 ditto 这个用法也流行过好一阵子. 它的意思是, "同上" 当然也就等于 "me too" 的意思啦. 例如最有名的例子, 在第六感生死恋 (Ghost) 里, Demi Moore 和 Patrick Swayze 的对话, "I love you." "Ditto."
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由汶川地震想到的“地震”相关词汇
2008-05-21 09:37:10
国家地震台网测定,北京时间5月12日14时28分,四川汶川县发生7.8级地震。地震给四川及邻近省份造成了重大伤亡和财产损失。请看中国日报网站消息:
The Sichuan provincial seismological bureau said more than 1,180 tremors up to six magnitude have been recorded as of 5:00 am on May 13.
四川省地震局称,截至5月13日凌晨5点,该地区共发生1180多次余震,最高震级达六级。 In another badly-hit city of Mianzhu, which is less than 50 kilometers away from the quake epi-center, more than 1,000 people were reported dead and another 5,000 were buried as of 11:30 pm on Monday, according to the local government.
距离震中不到50公里的绵竹是另一受 地震重创的地区,据当地政府报告,截止周一晚上11:30,那里已有1000多人死亡,另有5000人被埋。
在上述报道中,出现了一些跟地震(earthquake)相关的词汇,如下: 1.tremor就是“震动、颤动”的意思,earth tremor一般表示“轻微地震”。
2.magnitude(里氏震级中用以衡量地震强度的单位)就是“震级”。 3.epicenter指的就是“地震中心”或“震中”。
除此之外,还有几个表达需要提一下,“地震波”可以是earthquake wave 或者seis-mic wave,后者是更为专业的说法;研究地震的学科叫做seismology(地震学);而地震之后的“余震”为aftershock。
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不可不知的9大地震隐患
2008-05-21 09:36:05
Earthquake Hazard Hunt
地震隐患排查
You can identify potential dangers in your home by conducting an earthquake hazard hunt. Foresight and common sense are all that are needed as you go from room to room and imagine what would happen in an earthquake. Some possible hazards are:
你可以通过在家中进行“地震隐患排查”来寻找地震中可能出现的隐患。你需要做的只是巡视你的房间,设想地震时房中会发生什么,用你的常识来进行预测、找出隐患。一些可能的隐患有:
• Tall, heavy furniture that could topple, such as bookcases, china cabinets, or modular wall units.
• Water heaters that could be pulled away from pipes and rupture.
• Appliances that could move enough to rupture gas or electrical lines.
• Hanging plants in heavy pots that could swing free of hooks.
• Heavy picture frames or mirrors over a bed.
• Latches on kitchen or other cabinets that will not hold the door closed during shaking.
• Breakables or heavy objects that are kept on high or open shelves.
• A masonry chimney that could crumble and fall through an unsupported roof.
• Flammable liquids, like painting or cleaning products, that would be safer in a garage or outside shed.
*在 地震
中可能会倒塌的又高又重的家具,比如书架、瓷器柜,或是定制的组合柜。应当设法固定在墙壁上 *可能会从管道上脱离并碎裂的热水器。
*可能发生移动,扯坏煤气管道或电线的物品。 *悬挂在高处较重的盆载植物,有可能脱钩坠落。
*挂在床上方较重的像框或镜子,有可能在地震中坠落。 *橱柜或别的柜子剧烈晃动时,柜子的插销可能会松动打开。
*放置在高处开放式储物架上的易碎品或重物可能会坠落摔碎。
*石制烟囱可能压垮无支撑的房顶并崩塌。
*易燃液体,如油漆及清洁剂,应储存于车库或是室外储物室中(而不是室内)。
Take steps to correct these hazards — secure or relocate heavy items as appropriate.
请设法逐个排除这些隐患,妥善安置各种重物,把不妥的重物重新放置。
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家庭防震演习6大步骤
2008-05-21 09:33:53
Family Earthquake Drill家庭防震演习
It’s important to know where you should go for protection when your house starts to shake. By planning and practicing what to do before an earthquake occurs, you can condition yourself and your family to react correctly and spontaneously when the first jolt or shaking is felt. An earthquake drill can teach your family what to do in an earthquake.
当发现房屋开始摇晃时,第一时间就能确知去哪儿躲避非常重要。如果在 地震发生前就做好了准备和演习,你和家人就能在察觉震感的第一时间及时、正确地做出反应。防震演习可以让你们全家知道如何应对地震。 • Each family member should know safe spots in each room.
• Safe spots: The best places to be are under heavy pieces of furniture, such as a desk or sturdy table; under supported archways; and against inside walls.
• Danger spots: Stay away from windows, hanging objects, mirrors, fireplaces, and tall, unsecured pieces of furniture.
• Reinforce this knowledge by physically placing yourself in the safe locations. This is especially important for children.
• In the days or weeks after this exercise, hold surprise drills.
• Be prepared to deal with what you may experience after an earthquake — both physically and emotionally.
*每个家庭成员都应该知道各个房间的安全地点在哪里。
*安全地点:最佳安全点是坚固的家具下面,例如书桌或其他硬质桌子之下;有支撑的拱廊下,紧贴内部承重墙的地方也较安全。 *危险区:应远离窗户、悬挂物件、镜子、壁炉以及较高的未固定家具。
*通过亲身体验如何在安全地点安身来巩固这些知识,这点对儿童尤其重要。
*在进行以上演练后的几天或几周内,进行紧急演练,以巩固知识。
*做好应付震后受灾情况的身心准备。
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安全渡过地震的16点建议
2008-05-21 09:32:50
How To Ride Out the Earthquake如何安全渡过地震
Limit your movements during an earthquake to a few steps to a nearby safe place. Stay indoors until the shaking has stopped and you are sure it is safe to leave.
当地震还在持续时,将你的活动范围限制在周围某个安全地点几步以内;在晃动停止、确认安全后再离开室内。
【如果 地震时你在室内】
If you are indoors:
• Drop, Cover, and Hold — Take cover under a sturdy desk, table, or bench, or against an inside wall, and hold on. If there is no desk or table near you, cover your face and head with your arms and crouch in an inside corner of the building.
• Stay away from glass, windows, outside doors and walls, and anything that could fall, such as lighting fixtures and furniture.
• If you are in bed when the earthquake strikes, stay there. Hold on and protect your head with a pillow, unless you are under a heavy light fixture that could fall. In that case, move to the nearest safe place.
• Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Most injuries during earthquakes occur when people are hit by falling objects while entering or leaving buildings.
• Be aware that electricity may go out or that sprinkler systems or fire alarms may turn on.
• Do not use elevators.
* 蹲下,寻找掩护,抓牢——利用写字台、桌子或者长凳下的空间,或者身子紧贴内部承重墙作为掩护,然后双手抓牢固定物体。如果附近没有写字台或桌子,用双臂护住头部、脸部,蹲伏在房间的角落。 * 远离玻璃制品、建筑物外墙、门窗、以及其他可能坠落的物体,例如灯具和家具。 * 如果地震发生时你在床上,请待在那里不要动。抓紧枕头保护住你的头部。如果你上方有可能坠落的重型灯具,请转移至最近的安全地带。 * 在晃动停止并确认户外安全后,方可离开房间。地震中的大多数伤亡,是在人们进出建筑物时被坠物击中造成的。
* 要意识到可能会断电,火警以及自动喷淋装置可能会启动。
* 切勿使用电梯逃生。
【如果地震时你在室外】
If you are outdoors:
• Stay there.
• Move away from buildings, trees, streetlights, and utility wires.
* 待在原地不要动。
* 远离建筑区、大树、街灯和电线电缆。
【如果地震时你在开动的汽车上】
If you are in a moving car:
• Stop as quickly as safety permits, pull to the side of the road, and stay in the car.
• Avoid stopping near or under buildings, trees, overpasses, and utility wires.
• Do not attempt to drive across bridges or overpasses that have been damaged.
• Proceed cautiously after the earthquake has stopped, watching for road and bridge damage.
* 在确保安全的情况下,尽快靠边停车,留在车内。
* 不要把车停在建筑物下、大树旁、立交桥或者电线电缆下。
* 不要试图穿越已经损坏的桥梁。
* 地震停止后小心前进,注意道路和桥梁的损坏情况。
【如果你被困在废墟下】
If you are trapped under debris:
• Do not light a match.
• Do not move about or kick up dust.
• Cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing.
• Tap on a pipe or wall so that rescuers can find you. Use a whistle if one is available. Shout only as a last resort — shouting can cause you to inhale dangerous amounts of dust.
* 不要点火柴。
* 不要向周围移动,避免扬起灰尘。
* 用手帕或布遮住口部。
* 敲击管道或墙壁以便让救援人员发现你。可能的话,请使用哨子。在其他方式不奏效的情况下再选择呼喊——因为喊叫可能使人吸入大量有害灰尘。
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地震安全手册:这些应急物品你有吗?
2008-05-21 09:30:59
Have on Hand for Any Emergency – Ideas for Home, Workplace, and Car为突发状况准备趁手的的应急物品:家里、办公地点、汽车上如何应急
Because you don’t know where you will be when an earthquake occurs, prepare a Disaster Supplies Kit for your home, workplace, and car.
因为你不知道地震发生的时候自己会在哪儿,所以,在家里、办公地点以及汽车上,都准备一套抗灾装备吧。
【水】
❏ Water. Store at least 1 gallon of water per person per day and be prepared for a 72-hour period. A normally active person needs at least ½gallon of water daily just for drinking. In determining adequate quantities, take the following into account:
每人每天至少需储备1加仑(3.8升)的水,并按此标准一次备够72小时之用。一般情况下,一个活跃的正常人,光饮用,每天就需要消耗1/2加仑(1.9升)的水。为了保证足够的量,应考虑以下因素:
• Individual needs vary depending on age, physical condition, activity, diet, and climate.
• Children, nursing mothers, and ill people need more water.
• Very hot temperatures can double the amount of water needed.
• A medical emergency might require more water.
* 个体需求量因年龄、体质、活动量、饮食、气候等而有差异。
* 儿童、哺乳期妇女、病人需水量更大。 * 高温天气会使需水量成倍增加。
* 医疗紧急情况会需要更多的水。 It is recommended that you buy commercially bottled water. Keep bottled water in its original container and do not open it until you need to use it. Also, pay attention to the expiration or "use by" date.
建议你购买一些瓶装水。不要拆开瓶装水的原包装,在必须使用之前不要打开。另外,要注意保质期或者最晚饮用日期。 If you choose to prepare your own containers of water, you should buy air-tight, food-grade water storage containers from surplus or camping supply stores. Before filling the containers, clean them with dish washing soap and water, and rinse them completely so that there is no residual soap. Water stored in your own containers should be replaced about every 6 months.
In addition to water, have purification tablets such as Halazone and Globaline, but be sure to read the label on the bottle before using the tablets.
如果你准备用自己的容器装水,你应该从军用品或者野营用品专门店购买那种不漏气的、专门储存食品的盛水容器。在装水之前,要用餐具专用洗涤剂和水清洗容器,并用水冲净,以免洗涤剂残留。容器内的水必须每6个月更换一次。除了水之外,还需要一些净化用的药片,比如哈拉宗(Halazone)、高碘甘氨酸(Globaline),但在使用这些药片之前,一定要先看看瓶子上的标签。(译者:请向专业人士或医护人员资讯上述药品的使用!)【食品】
❏ Food. It’s always a practical idea to keep a supply of non-perishable food on hand that can be rotated into your diet and replenished on a regular basis. Have a sufficient supply of canned or dehydrated food, powdered milk, and canned juices for at least 72 hours. Dried cereals and fruits and non-salted nuts are good sources of nutrition. Keep the following points in mind:
作为一个很实用的主意,应经常准备一些不易腐坏的食品以便随时食用。并可将其加入日常的饮食之中,并定期补充储备。准备足够72小时之用的听装食品或脱水食品、奶粉,以及听装果汁。干麦片、水果和无盐干果是很好的营养源。请注意以下几点:
• Avoid foods that will make you thirsty. Choose salt-free crackers, whole grain cereals, and canned goods with high liquid content.
• Stock foods that do not require refrigeration, cooking, water, or special preparation. You may already have many of these on hand.
• Remember to include foods for infants and special dietary needs.
* 不要选择那些让你容易口渴的食品。选择无盐饼干、全麦麦片和富含流质的罐装食品。
* 只储备无需冷藏、烹饪或特殊处理的食品。类似食品可供选择的有很多。
* 别忘了食品中应包括婴儿和特殊饮食需要者的食品。你还应该准备一些厨房用具和炊具,尤其是手动开罐器。
You should also have kitchen accessories and cooking utensils, especially a manual can opener. 【应急灯和备用电池】
❏ Flashlights and spare batteries. Keep a flashlight beside your bed, at your place of work, and in your car. Do not use matches or candles after an earthquake until you are certain that no gas leaks exist.
在你的床边、工作地点以及车里放一盏应急灯。不要在地震后使用火柴或蜡烛, 除非你能确定没有瓦斯泄漏。
【便携式电池供电收音机或电视机以及备用电池】
❏ Portable, battery-powered radio or television and spare batteries. Most telephones will be out of order or used for emergency purposes, so radios will be your best source of information. You may also want to have a battery-powered CB or other two-way radio.
大多数电话将会无法使用或只能供紧急用途,所以收音机将会是你最好的信息来源。如有可能,你还应当准备电池供电的收发报机和无线对讲机。
【急救箱和急救手册】
❏ First aid kit and manual. Keep a first aid kit at home and in your car. Also, have a manual such as Standard First Aid & Personal Safety by the American Red Cross. Have members of your household take basic first aid and CPR courses.
在家里和车里准备一个急救箱。同时,备一本由美国红十字会制作的《标准急救和个人安全手册》。让你的家人学习一些基本的急救和人工呼吸课程。 【灭火器】
❏ Fire extinguishers. Keep a fire extinguisher at home and in your car. Some extinguishers are good only for certain types of fires — electrical, grease, or gas. Class ABC extinguishers are designed for safe use on any type of fire. Your fire department can show you how to use an extinguisher properly.
