各国的节日1
2008-05-12 23:03:01
各国的节日
阳历节日：
1月1日元旦（New Year's Day)
2月2日世界湿地日(World Wetlands Day)
2月14日情人节(Valentine's Day)
3月3日全国爱耳日
3月5日青年志愿者服务日
3月8日国际妇女节(International Women' Day)
3月9日保护母亲河日
3月12日中国植树节(China Arbor Day)
3月14日白色情人节(White Day)
3月14日国际警察日(International Policemen' Day)
3月15日世界消费者权益日(World Consumer Right Day）
3月21日世界森林日（World Forest Day)
3月21日世界睡眠日(World Sleep Day)
3月22日世界水日(World Water Day)
3月23日世界气象日(World Meteorological Day)
3月24日世界防治结核病日(World Tuberculosis Day)
4月1日愚人节(April Fools' Day)
4月5日清明节（Tomb-sweeping Day)
4月7日世界卫生日(World Health Day）
4月22日世界地球日(World Earth Day)
4月26日世界知识产权日(World Intellectual Property Day)
5月1日国际劳动节(International Labour Day)
5月3日世界哮喘日(World Asthma Day)
5月4日中国青年节（Chinese Youth Day)
5月8日世界红十字日(World Red-Cross Day)
5月12日国际护士节(International Nurse Day)
5月15日国际家庭日(International Family Day)
5月17日世界电信日(World Telecommunications Day)
5月20日全国学生营养日
5月23日国际牛奶日(International Milk Day)
5月31日 世界无烟日(World No-Smoking Day)
6月1日 国际儿童节(International Children's Day)
6月5日世界环境日(International Environment Day)
6月6日全国爱眼日
6月17日世界防治荒漠化和干旱日(World Day to combat desertification)
6月23日国际奥林匹克日(International Olympic Day)
6月25日全国土地日
6月26日国际禁毒日(International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking)
7月1日中国*诞生日(Anniversary of the Founding of the Chinese Communist Party)
7月1日国际建筑日（International Architecture Day)
7月7日中国人民抗日战争纪念日
7月11日世界人口日(World Population Day)
8月1日中国人民解放军建军节(Army Day)
8月12日国际青年节(International Youth Day)
9月8日国际扫盲日(International Anti-illiteracy Day)
9月10日中国教师节(Teacher's Day)
9月16日中国脑健康日
9月16日国际臭氧层保护日(International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer)
9月20日全国爱牙日
9月21日世界停火日(World Cease-fire Day)
9月27日世界旅游日(World Tourism Day)
10月1日中华人民共和国国庆节(National Day)
10月1日国际音乐日(International Music Day)
10月1日国际老年人日(International Day of Older Persons)
10月4日世界动物日(World Animal Day)
10月5日世界教师日(World Teachers' Day)（联合国教科文组织确立）
10月8日全国高血压日
10月9日世界邮政日(World Post Day)
10月10日世界精神卫生日(World Mental Health Day)
10月14日世界标准日(World Standards Day)
10月15日国际盲人节(International Day of the Blind)
10月15日世界农村妇女日(World Rural Women's Day)
10月16日世界粮食日(World Food Day)
10月17日国际消除贫困日(International Day for the Eradication of Poverty)
10月24日联合国日(United Nations Day)
10月24日世界发展新闻日(World Development Information Day)
10月28日中国男性健康日
10月29日国际生物多样性日(International Biodiversity Day)
10月31日万圣节(Halloween)
11月8日中国记者节
11月9日消防宣传日
11月14日世界糖尿病日(World Diabetes Day)
11月17日国际大学生节
11月25日国际消除对妇女的暴力日(International Day For the elimination of Violence against Women)
12月1日世界爱滋病日(World AIDS Day)
12月3日世界残疾人日(World Disabled Day）
12月4日全国法制宣传日
12月9日世界足球日（World Football Day)
12月25日圣诞节(Christmas Day)
12月29日国际生物多样性日(International Biological Diversity Day)
1月最后一个星期日国际麻风节
3月最后一个完整周的星期一中小学生安全教育日
春分月圆后的第一个星期日复活节(Easter Monday)(有可能是3月22-4月25日间的任一天)
5月第二个星期日母亲节(Mother's Day)
5月第三个星期日全国助残日
6月第三个星期日父亲节(Father's Day)
9月第三个星期二国际和平日(International Peace Day)
9月第三个星期六全国国防教育日
9月第四个星期日国际聋人节(International Day of the Deaf)
10月的第一个星期一世界住房日(World Habitat Day)
10月的第二个星斯一加拿大感恩节(Thanksgiving Day)
10月第二个星期三国际减轻自然灾害日(International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction)
10月第二个星期四世界爱眼日(World Sight Day)
11月最后一个星期四美国感恩节(Thanksgiving Day)
农历节日
农历正月初一春节(the Spring Festival)
农历正月十五元宵节(Lantern Festival)
农历五月初五端午节(the Dragon-Boat Festival)
农历七月初七乞巧节(中国情人节）(Double-Seventh Day)
农历八月十五中秋节(the Mid-Autumn Festival)
农历九月初九重阳节(the Double Ninth Festival)
农历腊月初八腊八节(the laba Rice Porridge Festival)
农历腊月二十四传统扫房日
节日英语：国际和平日
International Day of Peace
September 21st
In 1981 the United Nations General Assembly passed resolution 36/67 declaring an International Day of Peace. In 2001, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a new resolution 55/282 declaring 21 September of each year as the International Day of Peace.
The Assembly declared that the Day be observed as a day of global ceasefire and non-violence, an invitation to all nations and people to honour a cessation of hostilities during the Day. It invited all Member States, organizations of the United Nations system, regional and non-governmental organizations and individuals to commemorate the Day in an appropriate manner, including through education and public awareness, and to cooperate with the United Nations in establishing a global ceasefire.
Peace Day for Young People at the United Nations
Since 1997, the World Peace Prayer Society has assisted the United Nations Department of Public Information in producing a program for New York school children at UN Headquarters, including a World Peace Flag Ceremony. On Sept. 23, 2002, this program included greetings by Mrs. Nane Annan, Under Secretary-General Shashi Tharoor, and a videoconference with children in five countries that had recently experienced war.
International Day of Peace Vigil
The goal of the International Day of Peace Vigil is: "To encourage the observation of a worldwide, grassroots 24-hour vigil for peace and nonviolence on the International Day of Peace, Sunday, 21 September, in every house of worship and place of spiritual practice, by all religious and spiritually based groups and individuals, and by all men, women and children who seek peace in the world."
This Vigil is meant to demonstrate the power of prayer and other spiritual observances in promoting peace and preventing violent conflict. Support this worldwide initiative by committing to hold a 24-hour vigil on 21 September.
The World Peace Festival Celebrating the International Day of Peace
This year, the annual World Peace Festival in Amenia, NY, will be held on Sunday, September 21, 2003. The Festival, always a joyful multi-cultural gathering of music and dance, activities for children, and a magnificent World Peace Prayer Ceremony with the flags of all nations, will serve as a focal point for festivities worldwide honoring the International Day of Peace.
Chanukah（光明节）
Every year between the end of November and the end of December, Jewish people around the world celebrate the holiday of Chanukah, the Festival of Lights. Chanukah begins on the 25th day of the Hebrew (希伯来的) month of Kislev (历法：基色娄月，即犹太教历9月，犹太国历3月，在公历11、12月间，共29或30天), but the starting date on the western calendar varies from year to year. The holiday celebrates the events which took place over 2,300 years ago in the land of Judea（朱迪亚，古巴勒斯坦南部地区，包括今巴勒斯坦南部地区和约旦的西南部地区）, which is now Israel. Long ago in the land of Judea there was a Syrian king, Antiochus. The king ordered the Jewish people to reject their God, their religion, their customs and their beliefs and to worship the Greek gods. There were some who did as they were told, but many refused. One who refused was Judah Maccabee. Judah and his four brothers formed an army and chose as their name the word "Maccabee", which means hammer. After three years of fighting, the Maccabees were finally successful in driving the Syrians out of Israel and reclaimed the Temple in Jerusalem（耶路撒冷大庙）. The Maccabees wanted to clean the building and to remove the hated Greek symbols and statues. On the 25th day of the month of Kislev, the job was finished and the temple was rededicated. When Judah and his followers finished cleaning the temple, they wanted to light the eternal light, known as the N'er Tamid, which is present in every Jewish house of worship. Once lit, the oil lamp should never be extinguished. Only a tiny jug of oil was found with only enough for a single day. The oil lamp was filled and lit. Then a miracle occurred as the tiny amount of oil stayed lit not for one day, but for eight days. In America, families celebrate Chanukah at home. They give and receive gifts, decorate the house, entertain friends and family, eat special foods, and light the holiday menorah（犹太教神殿中用的大烛台）. Halloween（万圣节） On October 31st, dozens of children dressed in costumes（节日服装）knock on their neighbors' doors and yell "Trick or Treat" when the door opens. Pirates and princesses, ghosts and popular heroes of the day all hold bags open to catch the candy or other goodies that the neighbors drop in. As they give each child a treat the neighbors exclaim over the costumes and try to guess who is under the masks.
Since the 800's November 1st is a religious holiday known as All Saints' Day（万圣节）. The Mass that was said on this day was called Allhallowmas. The evening before became known as All Hakkiw e'en, or Halloween. Like some other American celebrations, its origins lie in both pre-Christian and Christian customs. October 31 st was the eve of the Celtic（凯尔特人的）new year. The Celts were the ancestors of the present-day Irish, Welsh and Scottish people. On this day ghosts walked and mingled with the living, or so the Celts thought. The townspeople baked food all that day and when night fell they dressed up and tried to resemble the souls of the dead. Hoping that the ghosts would leave peacefully before midnight of the new year. Much later, when Christianity spread throughout Ireland and October 31 was no longer the last day of the year, Halloween became a celebration mostly for children. "Ghosts" went from door to door asking for treats, or else a trick would be played on the owners of the house. When millions of Irish people immigrated to the United States in the 1840s the tradition came with them. Today' school dances and neighborhood parties called "block parties" are popular among young and old alike. More and more adults celebrate Halloween. They dress up like historical or political figures and go to masquerade parties（化妆舞会）. In larger cities, costumed children and their parents gather at shopping malls early in the evening. Stores and businesses give parties with games and treats for the children.Teenagers enjoy costume dances at their schools and the more outrageous the costume the better! Certain pranks（恶作剧）such as soaping car windows and tipping over garbage cans are expected. But partying and pranks are not the only things that Halloweeners enjoy doing. Some collect money to buy food and medicine for needy children around the world. Symbols of Halloween Halloween originated as a celebration connected with evil spirits. Witches flying on broomsticks with black cats, ghosts, goblins（小精灵）and skeletons have all evolved as symbols of Halloween. They are popular trick-or-treat costumes and decorations for greeting cards and windows. Black is one of the traditional Halloween colors, probably because Halloween festivals and traditions took place at night. In the weeks before October 31, Americans decorate windows of houses and schools with silhouettes（轮廓）of witches and black cats. Pumpkins are also a symbol of Halloween. The pumpkin is an orange-colored squash, and orange has become the other traditional Halloween color. Carving pumpkins into jack- o'lanterns is a Halloween custom also dating back to Ireland. A legend grew up about a man named Jack who was so stingy（吝啬的）that he was not allowed into heaven when he died, because he was a miser（吝啬鬼）. He couldn't enter hell either because he had played jokes on the devil. As a result, Jack had to walk the earth with his lantern until Judgement Day（审判日）. The Irish people carved scary faces out of turnips（芜菁根）, beets（甜菜根）or potatoes representing "Jack of the Lantern," or Jack-o'lantern. When the Irish brought their customs to the United States, they carved faces on pumpkins because in the autumn they were more plentiful than turnips. Today jack-o'-lanterns in the windows of a house on Halloween night let costumed children know that there are goodies（糖果）waiting if they knock and say "Trick or Treat!" Halloween Treats Dried Pumpkin Seeds After carving your pumpkin, separate the pulp from the seeds. Rinse（冲洗）the seeds and spread them out to dry. The next day, add enough melted butter or margarine（人造黄油）to coat each seed. Spread the seeds onto a cookie sheet（甜酥饼干）and bake for 20 minutes in a 300 degree oven for 20 minutes or until they are slightly brown. Caramel Apples Take the paper wrapping off about 100 caramels（饴糖）and put them in a saucepan（炖锅）. Put the saucepan over a pan of boiling water. Boil the water until the caramels melt. Put a wooden stick into the top of each apple, dip the apple into the caramel. Let them cool on wax paper and enjoy! Scary Stories No Halloween party is complete without at least one scary story. Usually one person talks in a low "What Do You Come For?" There was an old woman who lived all by herself, and she was very lonely. Sitting in the kitchen one night, she said, "Oh, I wish I had some company." No sooner had she spoken than down the chimney tumbled two feet from which the flesh had rotted. The old woman's eyes bulged with terror. Then two legs dropped to the hearth and attached themselves to the feet. Then a body tumbled down, then two arms, and a man's head. As the old woman watched, the parts came together into a great, tall man. The man danced around and around the room. Faster and faster he went. Then he stopped, and he looked into her eyes. "What do you come for? she asked in a small voice that shivered and shook. "What do I come for?" he said. "I come for YOU!" The narrator shouts and jumps at the person near him! Diwali（排灯节） Diwali symbolizes the victory of light over darkness. Celebrated joyously all over the country, it is a festival of wealth and prosperity.
'Dipavali' means a row of lights ('Diwali' is simply a corrupt form of it) and the festival is so called because of the illuminations that mark the celebrations. Every Hindu home, rich or poor, it given a spring cleaning a few days prior to the auspicious day, whitewashed and adorned in a festive way. Rows of little earthen lamps illuminate terraces and gardens, walls and courtyards, outer and inner precincts of a temple or a palace. That it was so from ancient times is borne by kings and travelers who have recorded the celebrations. King Harsha described it as 'Dipapratipadotsava' and King Bhoja calls it 'Sukharati' (happy night) and describes how Lakshmi was venerated and worshipped at dusk and lamps lit in her honour on roadsides and river banks, on hill and tree, in home and temple. To Jimutavahana it was the 'vow of a happy night' (Sukharatrivarta') Another legend speaks of how Bali was deprived of his kingdom by Vishnu on this day. The good Daitya king, through austerities and devotion, had defeated the great Indra himself. The gods thus feeling humbled appeal to Vishnu for protection. Vishnu becoming manifest in his Dwarf incarnation (Vamana) begs Bali for as much land as he (Vishnu) can over in three steps. Having obtained the boon, Vishnu covers heaven and earth in two strides and would have covered the world in the third, but then respecting Bali's goodness and generosity, he stopped short and left the nether world to the Datiya king. The legend, found in Rig-Veda, tells of Vishnu's three strides-over earth, heaven and the nether world of Patala, symbolizing apparently the rising, culmination and setting of the sun. A zodiacal allegory couched in mythological terms, it points to the setting of the light of the sun and the emergence of the darkness associated with the lower realm. Changes of season, of course, but it tells of the heart of a people and their unlimited delight in life, in light, burning not outside but in the deeper recesses of the nether regions of cosmos and man. Why else should folk recall Bali and his reign on this day? We learn that in Maharashtra, effigies of Bali in rice-flour and cow-dung are prepared by womenfolk who worship and invoke his blessings. Skanda Purana also refers to Bali being worshipped with fruits and flowers on this auspicious day by drawing this image on the ground in different hues. United Nations Day（联合国日） United Nations Day was established by Presidential Proclamation（总统令） to commemorate the establishment of the United Nations in 1945.
It is celebrated very generally in all states and American possessions, and by all eighty-one countries, which are members of the United Nations for the purpose of informing the people of the world as to the aims, purposes, and achievements of the UN. The name "United Nations" was devised by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt and was first used in the "Declaration by United Nations" of January 1, 1942, during the Second World War, when representatives of 26 nations pledged their governments to continue fighting together against the Axis Powers（轴心国）. The representatives of 50 countries at the United Nations Conference drew up the United Nations Charter（联合国宪章） on International Organization, which met at San Francisco from April 25 to June 26, 1945. Those delegates deliberated on the basis of proposals worked out by the representatives of China, the Soviet Union, and United Kingdom in the United States at Dumbarton Oaks（敦巴顿橡树园，在美国首都华盛顿效区） from August to October of 1944. The representatives of the 50 countries signed the Charter on June 26, 1945. Poland, which was not represented at the Conference, signed it later and became one the original 51 Member States. The United Nations officially came into existence on October 24, 1945, when the Charter had been ratified by China, France, The Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, United States and by a majority of other signatories. United Nations Day is celebrated on October 24 each year. In order to stress the charter's importance, in 1947 the General Assembly of the U.N. passed a resolution that October 24 shall hereafter（从此以后） be officially called United Nations Day, and shall be devoted to making known to the people of the world the aims and achievements of the United Nations, and to gaining their support for the work of the United Nations. It was apparent, and also quite important, that the general public should be informed about the content and purposes of the United Nations; therefore an entire week-United Nations Week-was set aside in October, with its chief observance（庆祝） on United Nations Day, October 24. By 1956, the American committee for the United Nations promoted the celebration of United Nations week. The official American Association for the United Nations sent out information and suggestions for programs with this advice: This is United Nations Week. The success of the United Nations in building world peace depends on all of us-on our won understanding and support; know how it works, and what it is doing. Help the United Nations help all of us to a peaceful future. In some towns there is a public rally（集会）, perhaps at the City Hall, with the Stars and Stripes displayed with the flag of the United Nations. Speakers stress the accomplishments of the organization. Some shop windows feature products and dress of other lands. A town may put on an "International Festival" with songs and dances. During the week there are forums and panel discussions. An enjoy blending for United Nations Day is a banquet with foreign dishes. An important part of the week's observance is the setting up of information centers, where literature on the work of the United Nations may be obtained.
Jews celebrate Chanukah to mark the victory over the Syrians and the rededication of the Jerusalem Temple. The Festival of the Lights, Chanukah, lasts for eight days to commemorate the miracle of the oil. The word Chanukah means "rededication".
voice while everyone else crowds together on the floor or around a fire. The following is a retelling of a tale told in Britain and in North Carolina and Virginia.
The essence of this light is Shri Lakshmi-arising, at the beginning of time, out of the waters at the churning of the Milky Ocean by gods and demons for a thousand years. Regarded as the goddess of love, beauty and prosperity, Lakshmi, Kamla or Padma (Sanskrit words for lotus), the beloved consort of Vishnu, along with the dearly loved pot-bellied, elephant headed, auspicious god of the Hindu theogony, Siri Ganesha, is a presiding deity of the festival of lights. They are worshipped in every household so that the year may be full of prosperity. Throughout the night a lamp is kept burning before her image so that she may continue to dwell in the house and bestow upon it the wealth of life.
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