近几年国务院政府工作报告中常用到的一些词的译法。

站在新起点 on a new starting point
创新型国家 innovation-oriented country
资源节约型社会 resource-conserving society
资源型城市转型 transformation of resource-dependent cities
区别对待，有保有压 the principle of taking different approaches to different situations and encouraging the growth of some sectors while discouraging the expansion of others
“五个统筹” maintain the "five balances" (balancing urban and rural development, development among regions, economic and social development, development of man and nature, and domestic development and opening up to the outside world)
鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济 encourage, support and guide the growth of the non-public sector of the economy
发扬成绩 build on our achievements

环保专项治理 special projects to address serious environmental problems
保护天然林 protect virgin forests
退牧还草 return grazing land to grassland
退耕还林还草 return farmland to forests or grassland
石漠化 spread of stony deserts
防沙治沙 prevent and control desertification
生态补偿机制 a mechanism for ecological compensation

农村综合试点改革 trials of comprehensive rural reform
农机具补贴 subsidies for agricultural machinery and tools
良种补贴 subsidies for growing superior grain cultivators
多予少取放活 the policy of giving more, taking less and loosening control (to increase rural incomes)
“三提五统” "three deductions" (for public reserve funds, public welfare funds and management fees) and the "five charges" (charges for rural education, family planning, militia training, rural road construction and subsidies to entitled groups)
看病难、看病贵，上学难、上学贵 the difficulty and high cost of getting medical treatment and receiving an education
粮食安全 food safety
农村劳动力转移培训 job training for farm laborers looking for urban employment
防止“一哄而起” avoid herd mentality
农村信用社体制 the system of rural credit cooperatives
牧业税 livestock tax
资源税 resource tax
农业面源污染 widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area

政策性关闭破产 policy-based closure and bankruptcy
企业分离办社会 relieve enterprises of their obligation to operate social programs
城市和国有企业厂办大集体 collectively owned factories operated by state-owned enterprises and cities
上市公司股权分置改革 reform of the shareholder structure of listed companies
人民币汇率形成机制改革 reform of the mechanism for setting the renminbi exchange rate
利率形成和传导机制 setting and transmitting interest rates
国债余额管理方式 the method of outstanding balance management for its national debt
建立财政性科技投入稳定增长机制 establish a mechanism to ensure stable growth of government investment in science and technology
坚持国家绝对控股 keep a controlling share in the state's hands
强化银行资本充足率约束 strengthen capital requirements for banks
政府收支分类改革reformation of the classification of government revenue and expenditures
投资主体和产权多元化 investment from various sources and diversified ownership
完善国有资产监管体制，健全国有资本经营预算制度、经营业绩考核体系和国有资产重大损失责任追究制度 strengthen the oversight system for state assets by establishing a sound operating and budget system for state capital, a sound performance evaluation system and a sound system for assigning responsibility for major losses of state assets

提高系统集成能力 improve systems integration
控制新增产能 control expansion of production capacity
废物综合利用和废旧资源回收利用 comprehensive utilization of waste materials and recovery and recycling of used resources
资源开发补偿机制、衰退产业援助机制 mechanisms to compensate for resource depletion and to aid declining industries

突发公共卫生事件医疗救治体系 medical treatment system for public health emergencies
乡镇卫生院 health clinics in towns and townships
公共文化基础设施 culture-related facilities for public use
城市低保对象 urban residents entitled to basic living allowances
完善城市低保制度 improve the system of urban subsistence allowances
重点优抚对象 key entitled groups

国家统一的职务与级别相结合的工资制度和工资正常增长机制 a unified national salary system based on position and rank and a mechanism for regular pay increases
保持共产党员先进性 keep CPC members progressive, innovative and forward-thinking

兴边富民 vitalize border areas and enrich the people living there
西部地区“两基”攻坚计划 the plan to make nine-year compulsory education universal and to eliminate illiteracy among the young and middle-aged in the western region

项目核准与备案 project approval and record-keeping
完善境外投资协调机制和风险控制机制 improve the mechanisms for coordinating overseas investment and risk management
过渡期 transitional period

官煤勾结 government officials in cahoots with coalmine operators
government officials act in collusion with coalmine operators
重点抽查 spot test with a focus on; a spot test focusing on
采煤沉陷区 sinkholes in coal mining areas
棚户区 shantytowns

传销及变相传销 pyramid schemes and the ones in disguised forms

手机实名制 mobile phone identification policy

福利腐败 corruption in the execution of welfare policy

内外资企业所得税统一 the unity of income taxes levied from domestic and foreign-funded enterprises

论文崇拜 the worship of research paper; the worship of scientific paper

以房养老 use house property as the living means for one's old age; using house property as the living means for the aged

《中华人民共和国公司法》 Company Law of the People's Republic of China
《重大动物疫情应急条例》 Emergency Measures for Handling Major Animal Epidemics
《关于预防煤矿生产安全事故的特别规定》 Special Regulations for Preventing Coalmine Accidents
《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》Master State Plan for Rapid Response to Public Emergencies
《信访条例》Regulations on Petitions in the Form of Letters and Visits